LED lighting sources generally include LED chips, heat sinks, power supplies, and lampshades. LED chip is the core component of LED lighting source, which is composed of substrate material, luminescent material, light conversion material and packaging material. Sapphire substrate, silicon substrate, and silicon carbide substrate are three commonly used substrate materials for making LED chips. Different substrate materials require different LED epitaxial wafer growth technologies, chip processing technologies and device packaging technologies.

According to the thermal characteristics of LED introduced in Section 13, according to Planck's law, the monochromatic radiation force of a black body can produce a radiant luminous flux as high as 6831m/W under unit input power. Even if the LED luminous efficiency reaches 1601m/w, only 23% of the electrical energy is converted into light energy, and the rest of the electrical energy will be released in the form of heat. Therefore, for LED lighting sources, heat dissipation technology is very important.

Due to the high brightness of the LED light source, which is similar to a point light source, except for the landscape lighting that can be used directly, other lighting should be both require secondary optical processing, that is, light distribution. The quality of light distribution directly affects the lighting effect of LEDs. Because the LED chip is a semiconductor device with sensitive characteristics, unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs, it can be directly connected to 220V AC mains. In order to ensure that the LED chip has a stable working state during use, the concept of driving has been created. LED lighting power supply refers to the "electronic control device" connected between the AC or DC power supply and the LED load, and its core is an electronic circuit to provide appropriate constant current and operating voltage for the LED. Since this circuit is actually the power supply of the LED, it is called "driving power" or "electric light source". With the continuous improvement of the light efficiency of LED chips, the power consumption of LED lamps required to meet various lighting requirements is getting smaller and smaller. For example, 2~16W for indoor lighting can meet the requirements of various lighting environments, and 10~200W for outdoor lighting can meet the requirements. The lighting requirements of most lighting places such as road squares, tunnels, parks, etc.

To sum up, LED chips, heat sinks, and lampshades belong to the structural design category of LED lighting sources, which are related to the materials, thermal characteristics, and optical characteristics of structures of LED chips; power supplies belong to the category of driving design of LED lighting sources.